if引导的条件状语从句有: 1、零条件句/绝对真实条件句 零条件句,又叫绝对真实条件句,用于阐述事实。用来表达在该条件下,结果一定会如此(如规则,客观规律、真理等)。结构是:If+主语+do/does,主语+do/does。其从句和主句的谓语动词通常为一般现在时。 2、第一条件句/相对真实条件句 第一条件句又叫相对真实条件句,谈论将来可能发生的事情,并考虑这件事情的结果。if从句用一般现在时或其他现在时,表示将来可能发生的事情,主句用一般将来时,表示这件事情的结果。结构是:If+主语+do/does,主语+will do。 3、第二条件句/现在虚拟条件句 第二条件句是虚拟条件句的一种,即现在虚拟条件句,用来表达在现在或将来时间下不太可能的条件,这种条件句还可以用来表示试探性的、委婉的语气。结构是:与将来事实相反的非真实条件句是If+主语+should do/were to do/did,主语+would/should/could/might do。 4、第三条件句/过去虚拟条件句 第三条件句是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,是用来表达如果(If)当时那样发生,另外一方面(当时)结果会如何。通常是指过去的事情,带有一切已经太迟而不能够补救的意思。结构是:If+主语+had done,主语+would/should/could/ might+have done。
很多英语学习者都觉得If引导的条件状语从句这个句型很难,学习起来很吃力。下面是我为你整理的If引导的条件状语从句的相关资料,希望大家喜欢! If引导的条件状语从句用法 1.if引导的条件状语从句可以放在主句之前,也可以放在主句之后,如果放在主句之前,中间要用逗号将主句和从句隔开。 例如: If I am free, I will come to see you. = I will come to see you if I am free. 如果我有空,我就来看你。 2. 在含if引导的条件状语从句的复合句中,主句用一般将来时,从句通常用一般现在时态表示将来意义,即“主将从现”原则。 例如: If it snows tomorrow, we will go skiing. 如果明天下雪,我们就去滑雪。 3. 在含if引导的条件状语从句的复合句中,语句的谓语还可含有情态动词can、must、may等,主句也可是祈使句。 例如: If it stops raining, we can go out. 如果雨停了,我们就能出去。 4. 在含if引导的条件状语从句的复合句中,如果主句部分描述的是客观事实或真理,要用一般现在时。 例如: If you heat the ice, it turns into water. 如果你加热冰,它就会变成水。 if引导的非真实条件句 对过去的虚拟 条件从句(if):主语+had done 主句might/would/should/could+have done 对现在的虚拟 if+ 主语+动词过去式(be用were)主句 might/would/should/could+do 对将来的虚拟 if+主语+动词过去式(be用were)或主语+should do或主语+were to do 主句 might/would/should/could+do e.g. Tom got to the station in time because he started earlier. If Tom had started late, he would have missed the train. Do you think the thief entered through the door? No, if he had, I don't believe, he would have broken the living room window. If the book weren't so expensive, I would buy it. If you didn't live so far away, we would be able to visit you more. What would you do if you lost your passport in a foreign country? Why hasn't he come? If he should not come on time, we would have to put off the trip. 2.注意事项 e.g. If she hadn't work hard at English in the past, she wouldn't work as well as a secretary in a large company now. 混合时间的虚拟语气 从句为对过去的虚拟,主句是现在。 Had we not used an out-of-date timetable, we wouldn't have missed the train. if引导从句的倒装从句相当于 if we had not used an out-of-date timetable, 同样,were还有should 在从句中都可以提前,省略if. If only 要是...就好了 If only I were younger! If only I had worked harder in my teenage years! If only I should travel tomorrow! 虚拟语气的十大句型 一、虚拟条件句: 条件状语从句是非真实情况,在这种情况下要用虚拟语气。 1.条件从句与现在事实不一致,其句型为: 句型1:If +主语+过去时,主语+ should (could, would, 或might) +动词原形 (1) If I were you, I would study hard. (2) If it rained, I would not be here now. 2.条件从句与过去事实不一致,其句型为: 句型2:If +主语+had+过去分词,主语+ should(could, would, 或might)+ have +过去分词 (3) If the doctor had come last night, the boy would have been saved. (4) If I had not studied hard, I would have failed in the exam last term. 3.条件从句与将来事实不一致,其句型为: 句型3:If +主语+过去时/ should +动词原形/ were to+动词原形,主语+ should (could, would, 或might) +动词原形 (5) If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home. (6) If I were to go to the moon one day, I could see it with my own eyes. (7) If you missed the film tonight, you would feel sorry. 注意问题: 1.If条件句中绝对不可以出现would。 2.根据句中的时间状语,有时可能出现“混合虚拟”的情况,即主句可能是现在的情况,条件句也许是发生在过去的情况,但都要遵守上述句型。如: (8) If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now and you would graduate from a college in four years’ time. 3.条件句中如果出现were, had, should可省去if,将主语与这些词倒装。例如: (9) Had the doctor come last night, the boy would have been saved. (10) Were I to go to the moon one day, I would see it with my own eyes. (11) Should it rain tomorrow, we would stay at home. 二、名词性虚拟语气: 在表示命令、建议、要求、惊叹时的名词性从句中需用虚拟语气,基本句型: 句型4:主语+(should)+动词原形 (12) Mother insisted that John (should) go to bed at 9 o’clock.(宾语从句) (13) It was required that the crops (should) be harvested at once.(主语从句) (14) It is surprising that she shouldn’t pass the math exam. (主语从句) (15) The suggestion that he (should) be invited was rejected.(同位语从句) (16) Their demand is that their wages (should) be increased.(表语从句) 注意:在这种句子中绝不可以出现would, must, could等。 三、虚拟语气在一些特殊词中的使用或含蓄条件句: 句型5:wish后的宾语从句 与现在愿望不一致:主语+过去时; 与过去愿望不一致:主语+ had +过去分词 / could + have +过去分词; 与未来愿望不一致:主语+ would / could +动词原形。如; (17) I wish I were you. (18) I wish I had visited the White House when I was in the States. (19) I wish I could meet you tomorrow at the party. 句型6:It’s time句型(当It’s time后用that从句时应该为“主语+ should +动词原形”或“主语+过去时”) (20) It’s time that you went / should go to school. 句型7:If only引起的感叹句相当于“How I wish +宾语从句” (21) If only he could come! 他要能来就好了。 (22) If only I had known the answer! 我要早知答案就好了。 句型8:would rather, as if(though)引导的句子也需使用虚拟,表示过去的情况用过去完成时,表示现在与将来的情况 用过去时。 (23) I’d rather you posted the letter right away. (24) I’d rather you had returned the book yesterday. (25) She loves the children as if they were hers. (26) Alan talked about Rome as if he had been there. 句型9:without, but, but for, but that, otherwise引起的短语或句子常暗含着虚拟条件。 (27) Without you, I would never know him. (28) But for your cooperation, we wouldn’t have done the work so well. (29) But that she was afraid, she would have said no. (30) I would be most glad to help you, but I’ am busy now. (31) I should have come to the party yesterday, but I was busy. (32) I am busy now; otherwise I would do you the favor! 句型10:If it were not for ... / If it hadn’t been for ... (要不是因为……),其后面的主句也需使用虚拟。 (33) If it were not for his help, I wouldn’t go home now. (34) If it hadn’t been for the determined captain, all the passengers on the board wouldn’t have been saved.
透析英语法不是我的,是伍君仪老师发明的
个人认为在五爷通俗易懂的解释下还是不懂的人属于智商欠费型的,这辈子估计学不好英语了,所以以下回答,是为了推广透析法,而不是为了回答题主问题:
1,选书,选择一页生词率低于10个以下的(相关书籍推荐原书都有),最简单的原文书应该是Goose bump跟Magic Tree House,每个系列都有60本以上,网上mobi epub一大堆,属于2000到3000词内可以看懂的——实在不懂,书虫之类的分级读物总听说过,600词就可以看懂
2,拿手机词典和书 or kindle阅读,建议采用欧路词典,词库选用柯林斯双解+麦克米伦+CALD——词库在这里,自己安装帝热青读书会第一期:英文词典的分类和使用方法
3,一开始为了培养阅读习惯,要大量读,每天至少读20页以上,最好能超过50页,以从阅读中获得乐趣和信息为目的,而不是以扩大词汇量为目的
4,阅读的好处就不多说了,想想你为啥要读中文书就知道了。不过没有中文阅读习惯的人不适合透析法
5,有关每两页查一个单词的目的,是为了在大量阅读吸收信息语流的过程中,顺带积累下生词量,但不是主要目的,不打断阅读,不妨碍享受精彩故事
6,但是在不打断阅读节奏和乐趣的前提下,你想怎么查都可以——用平板电脑可以即指即译,所以我是每个词都查
7,第二天的复习非常重要,但是不要死背,而是应该及时删单词——第二天看生词本,如果记得生词,那么立刻删掉,只留下不认识的默看一遍(耗时20分钟以内),然后去大量读书
8,这样做的好处是,收词-删词-在阅读中大量遇到-忘了再收-再删-再读,这个办法是利用情景猜单词和额外的稍微记忆相结合,记忆效果远超所谓的记忆曲线背单词,学习效果?收获的绝对不仅仅是词汇量,而是整体的英文能力,对英文运用表达能力也有潜移默化的影响(输入多未必能写出好文章,但是写的好的人必然输入多)
9,只谈背单词?坚持1-2年,每天一个小时的阅读,词汇量过两万很轻松,过程几乎没有痛苦(不要逼自己读不喜欢的书),但还是那句话,不要以增加词汇量为首要目的,而是要以增加对英文文本的熟悉感和理解力作为首要目的
10,初期选材尽量选择同一个作家的作品,词汇范围比较狭窄,不同词汇经常性出现,对于词汇记忆效果比较好,不建议选择新闻类短篇作品
11,建议每天收录的单词最好不要超过50个——可以无限制读,但是收录单词最好不要超过50个,如果超过了,去查看下,有印象的就删掉,只留没印象的
12,小说对口语和英文能力的帮助在这里:为什么畅销小说对口语能力有帮助?(转) - 酷爱撒泼 - 知乎专栏
13,阅读对词汇能力的帮助到底在何处:学英语尽量不要从背词汇表开始(转) - 酷爱撒泼 - 知乎专栏
14,母语人士平均每天积累的词汇量在4.1个左右,而且还是语言能力较为不错的母语人士为什么一定要撸英文小说(转) - 酷爱撒泼 - 知乎专栏,所以对于你说看12页书才积累4个词汇,我觉得我们已经赶超母语人士了,虽然我不知道两页一个词,12页就是4个单词这个逆天结论是怎么的出来的。。。
15,母语人士的例子是为了证明,词汇量真真不是最重要的,甚至不是重要的(认识那么多词不会用屁用没有),只有通过多读,对各种句式,搭配,用法有所了解才有可能学着使用,才有可能提高英语——因为外语人士学英语有限制,不可能靠母语人士那样靠光看就自动增长词汇量,所以透析英语法是利用科技手段夹杂一丁点的稍微记忆行为鼓捣出来的无痛苦学习法,背后的什么心理学规律什么科学理论,看五爷博客(他是心理学科班出身),我这里不赘述
16,最好能搭配读读两本句型书:《文法俱乐部》+叶永昌的《英语阅读手册》,两者有矛盾冲突的地方,自己选择收入
17,书单我可以看,但仅限于个人爱好(男性向多了些)
每个级别要多看,直到你看本级别的书再也没有什么生词没什么挑战为止,这个时候越级(分级不一定准,个人能力有限,大家补充)
L1 Goose Bumps系列和Magic Tree House以及Boxcar
每个系列都过60本,两三千词汇而已,儿童读物
L2 动物农场 Roald Dahl童话全集 Narnia
儿童读物
L3 Sidney Sheldon20本 James Hadley Chase90本 James Patternson80多本 Nicholas Sparks
L3跟L2级别差不多,都是大量对白,书很简单,偶尔会有单词,对于成人来说,看James Patterson可能比看查理巧克力工厂要有意思一点? 另外Nicholas Sparks是写纯爱小说的,用词比两个James稍微难了点(前三位都是写thriller的,好看之极),我看过一本《初恋的回忆》一本《分手信》就没怎么看了,蛮无聊的,女性向(比暮光之城好看)
L4 社科类作品 Peter Hessler的Rivertown三部曲,讲中国小镇支教的故事,Factory Girls貌似是他老婆写的,讲中国女工的,也可以看看,还有影响力,Malcolm Gladwell之类的就不多说了,去Goodreads上面搜business这个标签出现的很多书单,排名靠前的都不会太难,自己看下简介有兴趣看即可
L5 经济学人,纽约时报,华尔街日报等相关报道,尤其是对中国的报道,可以好好精读一番(我个人最爱的是纽约客官网上的Letter from China)
L6 万物简史,DK百科全书等各种科普类读物(如果需要备考托福,建议最好拿万物简史的文本和音频做精听和精读,里面什么核糖核酸始祖鸟夸克大爆炸之类的词都有,而且写的生动有趣),TTC各类文史哲教程,Coursera,Khan Academy等Mooc学院教程
L7 傲慢与偏见,简爱等各种老牌名著,不限制
注1,以上所谓级别可以不管难度,只选择你最感兴趣的读即可,只要咬牙坚持住一个月,后面就会越来越顺利
注2,书可以在libgen找到
教程百科有声书可以在kickass和btdigg找
用迅雷会员